The References

1. Describe the different between internal and external costumer. Internal customer was staffing that work to marketing the product by one organization or firm. In the other words, internal customers can are any persons who either works for an organization and sever people that are note employed by organization. External customers on the other hand are was one who not working for organization or firm. External customers can be explained as those which requires product serve a purpose. 2. What are the components and activities associated with the complaint resolution process? 3.Describe some potential pitfalls of customer-driven quality. Can you think of any ways to avoid or lessen the impact of these potential pitfalls? Customer-Driven Quality represent a proactive approach to satisfying customer needs that base on gathering data about customer to learn their needs and preferences and then providing products or services that satisfy customers. Figure 5-1 presents a model of reactive customer-driven quality. This model shows that when quality is reactive, rather than planned, customer expectations increase at a faster rate than supplier performance.Firm quality performance in increasing while customer expectation also increasing. The firm will be in reactive mode when customer expectation increasing at a faster rate than supplier performance. At the point where these trends cross, customer dissatisfaction increases. 4. Describe the basic idea behind a focus group. Are focuses grouping an effective way of gathering data about customer preference and taste? The basic idea behind a focus group as actively solicited customer feedback. What is the basic idea behind a focus group?Are focus groups an effective way of gathering data about customer preferences and tastes? †    It defines a focus group as â€Å"actively solicited customer feedback. †    They gather â€Å"customers and solicit their ideas and reactions to products or concepts. They also a ddress a selection of individuals with similar characteristics. Their steps are: to Identify Purpose, narrow scope of questions, select target population, develop questions, run multiple groups and Summarize and develop common themes. 5. Describe the difference actively solicited customer feedback and passively solicited customer feedback.Which type of feedback result in a lower rating of quality? Explain why. References http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Explain_the_difference_between_internal_and_external_customers http://www. google. com. my/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=describe%20some%20of%20the%20potential%20pitfalls%20of%20customer%20driven%20quality&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fskellogg. sdsmt. edu%2FENGM620%2FSolutions%2FSolutions_4. doc&ei=bjRTUf7rMoisrAew_oCADQ&usg=AFQjCNH_0Z_LhPY_eV6VPDa6L0hQbxgjKg&bvm=bv. 44342787,d. bmk

Polymer Processing

Chapter 3. Polymer Processing Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 1. Procedure for casting sheets of polymer. Polymer Materials Page ? 2 Polymer Process Techniques HEMA = hydroxyethyl methacrylate EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Fig. 3. 2. Centrifugal mold for poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lenses Solvent casting of films Fig. 3. 3. Laboratory spreading device for the solution casting of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 3 Polymer Process Techniques Roll casting Fig. 3. 4. Knife coating of a polymer onto a film. Polymer Materials Page ? 4 Polymer Process TechniquesFig. 3. 5. Polymer casting bench. Polymer Materials Page ? 5 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 6. Solution casting of films on an industrial scale with the use of rotating metal drums. Polymer Materials Page ? 6 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 7. Use of a moving-belt system for the continuous solution casting of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 7 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 8. ‘Bubbleâ⠂¬â„¢ blowing of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 8 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 9. Film manufacture by calendering. Polymer Materials Page ? 9 Polymer Process TechniquesMethods for melt processing of films Fig. 3. 10. Hydraulic press for the melt pressing of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 10 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 11. Sequence of operations for the melt extrusion of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 11 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 12. Diagram of a plastics extruder. Polymer Materials Page ? 12 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 13. Diagram of a compression-molding press and mold. Polymer Materials Page ? 13 Polymer Process Techniques Melt process Fig. 3. 14. Diagram of an injection-molding machine. Polymer MaterialsPage ? 14 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 15. Thermoforming of polymer sheets. Polymer Materials Page ? 15 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 16. ‘Plug flow reactor’ to manufacture radiation crosslinked tubings or bel ts. Polymer Materials Page ? 16 Polymer Process Techniques Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) Advantages: ? Large parts ? Low viscosity ? Inexpensive Materials : ? Urethanes ? Polyureas ? Nylon ? Polyolefins Fig. 3. 17. Reaction injection molding (RIM) device to produce reinforced polyurethanes. ? Cylinder charged with diol and triol plus dibutyltin dilaurate ?Cylinder charged with molten diisocyanate ? Half of split mold ? Half of split mold ? Cavity to be filled with reinforcing fiber, then with mixed liquid from nozzle ? Nozzle for mixing streams from ? and ? Polymer Materials Page ? 17 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 18. Apparatus for the laboratory wet spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 18 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 19. Use of a motor-driven syringe pump for the laboratory preparation of wet-spun fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 19 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 20. Laboratory assembly for the ry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 20 Polymer Pro cess Techniques Fig. 3. 21. Industrial wet spinning. Polymer Materials Page ? 21 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 22. Laboratory or pilot-plant equipment for the melt extrusion of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 22 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 23. Manufacturing equipment for the dry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 23 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 24. Equipment for the melt spinning of fibers on an industrial scale. Polymer Materials Page ? 24 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 25.Three methods for the continuous orientation of synthetic fibers. (a) The fiber passes round a ‘peg’ which stabilizes the stretch orientation being induced by the faster-turning set of rollers. (b) The faster-turning drum stretches the polymer in the orientation zone. With this technique some difficulty may be experienced with stabilization of this zone. (c) The two drums turn at the same speed. But the fiber is stretched because of the greater circumference of the se cond drum. Polymer Materials Page ? 25 Polymer Process Techniques Processing of Elastomers (Vulcanizable) Fig. 3. 26.Reactor to manufacture four-ply valcanized rubber belts. Polymer Materials Page ? 26 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 27. Tire molding process Polymer Materials Page ? 27 Polymer Process Techniques Composite & Laminate Processing Fig. 3. 28. Plug-flow reactor to form epoxy resin preimpregnated sheet. Polymer Materials Page ? 28 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 29. ‘Batch reactor’ to manufacture glass-fiber reinforced polyesters. Polymer Materials Page ? 29 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 30. Procedure used to manufacture fiber reinforced epoxy resins. Polymer Materials Page ? 30

Anti-Piracy Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anti-Piracy Laws - Essay Example Following an audit by the Business Software Alliance, in which our organization was found guilty of violating copyright laws and of running unlicensed, pirated, software on some of its computers, the ICT department experimented with both software and hardware deterrence mechanisms prior to implementing the former. With the proliferation of peer-to-peer software and the growing ease of downloading and installing pirated software, organizations often confront serious difficulties in implementing anti-piracy regulations. Certainly, there are few, if any, organizations which do not have clear-cut anti-piracy policies but employees often assume that they will not be caught.' The fact is that they can very well be, with the organization left liable for the payment of the resultant fines and vulnerable to lawsuits by the software producers in question (Kizza, 2002). It is for this reason that policies have to be complimented with hardware or software-based deterrent techniques. Following a February 2006 audit by the Business Software Alliance, our organization decided that since policies were not effectively deterring employees from infringing anti-piracy laws, software and hardware mechanisms were required. A thorough study of the advantages and disadvantages of each was conducted prior to implementing software solutions. Special purpose hardware is commonly use... Special purpose hardware is commonly used in proof of ownership, to provide secure data storage and to provide a secure execution context for security-sensitive applications. Such hardware is typically more cumbersome for the user and more expensive than software based techniques. 2.1.1 Dongles A dongle is a hardware device distributed with software. Possession of the device proves ownership of software. A dongle typically connects to an I/O port and computes the output of a secret function. While running, the software periodically queries the dongle. If the communication fails or the results of the query are wrong, the software reacts appropriately (Craig and Burnett, 2005). There are three major drawbacks to dongles. These are cost, impracticality and vulnerability. Dongles are expensive at $10 per unit and distributing them with software is not practical. Thirdly, the attack point is clearly defined since the interface to the device is a hardware interface. This means that the signals passing over the interface must conform to the software standards. This gives attackers and analysis advantage (Craig and Burnett, 2005). 2.1.2 Tamperproof CPUs Tamperproof CPUs aid in piracy prevention by providing a secure context and/or secure data storage. By executing the software in a secure environment, the pirate is unable to gain access to the software. This technique prevents the attacker from observing the behavior of the software which means he is unable to identify portions of the software to remove. The obvious drawback to this technique is the cost of requiring all users to have tamperproof hardware (Flynn, 2005). 2.1.3 Smartcards Smartcards store cryptographic keys for use in authentication and authorization systems. A typical smartcard

Market Power (Business Enviroment Module) Essay

Market Power (Business Enviroment Module) - Essay Example In order to keep this in check, various agencies have been established in US to control the abuse of market power by organizations. The key agency is the Department of Justice’s Antitrust Division. The three major federal antitrust laws are the Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act. The mission of Antitrust Division is to protect the consumers against unreasonable competition practices of organizations that result in higher product and service prices. The most implemented law by the Antitrust Division is the Sherman Antitrust Act. Under this act, Section 2 explains that it is illegal to â€Å"monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations† (Vickers, 2005). The other agency instituted to govern the market power is Federal Trade Commission (FTC). This agency deals with the issues that protect consumers while controlling the competition by preventing unfair competition. The FTC along with Department of Justice Antitrust Division pursues effective laws that pursues customers’ interests, develops policies and practices for consumers and businesses in the country’s market place as well globally. The FTC’s work is however performed by the Bureau’s of Consumer Protection, Competition and Economics. The above two agencies implement laws both on the regional and national level. In addition to this, many different independent government agencies have been set up to control various inter-state competitions. For the regulation of communications either by radio, television, satellite, cable, telephone and so on a Federal Communication Commission has been set up. For the regulation of competition and consumer protection in natural gas, oil, and electricity Federal Energy Regulatory

Literature and culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature and culture - Research Paper Example The theme affects and is affected by the motive of the writer; thus one can say that the end a writer seeks to attain is what forms the theme of the literary work. One can imagine that there have been so many ends that have been achieved by writers throug literature. The theme therefore has an effect on the extent to which one can market his or her books to readers. Background of Authors Leon Uris was born in the United States and he moved to Israel after serving in the US Marine and in Israel, he worked as a journalist and reporter (Lambert 50). In a biography, Nadel (93) examined that Uris sought to revive his Jewish identity and that is what made him take on research into the founding of the State of Israel and most of those findings influenced his book, Exodus. Khaled Hosseini on the other hand was born in Afghanistan to an aristocratic Pusthun family around the time that the protagonist of his Kite Runner, Amir was born. Hosseini’s family had to leave Afghanistan for Euro pe during the Soviet invasion. They returned briefly and then went back to the United States where he has lived to this very day (Hosseini Personal Website) This therefore suggests that both writers had an inherent interest in the history of their nations and they were therefore influenced by the history and culture of their countries. Elements of History & Non-Fiction in Theme The narrations employed in the works of these authors make a person wonder if the work was actually non-fiction or fiction. Leon Uris states in the opening page that â€Å"Many events in The Exodus are a matter of history and public records. Many of the scenes were created around historical incidents and used as a backdrop for the purpose of fiction† (Uris 1). This shows evidence that Uris uses characters of fiction to portray elements of the founding of the nation of Israel, its culture and history through fiction and art. The hint that Hosseini gives in his book about the role of history in his narra tion is found in the opening statement he makes in Kite Runner saying â€Å"I became what I am today at the age of twelve on a frigid overcast day, in the Winter of 1975†¦ that was a long time ago but it is wrong what they say about the past I’ve heard, about how you bury it because it claws its way out† (K. Hosseini 4). This suggests that Hosseini was using elements of narration to present a historical point of view of his people and community. Afghanistan & Israel through the Writers Khalid Hosseini & Leon Uris both bring out the historical injustices meted out to their peoples through the individual experiences of their characters to express the collective suffering and elements of their peoples’ history and culture. This is done through fast paced narrations and very rigourous and clear pictures presented by these writers. In Kite Runner, Hosseini presents Amir as a young member of the well-to-do Pushtun family who has all the privileges and luxuries an d is seen to be righteous and innocent. Amir’s father, Baba is presented as a very rich aristocratic Pushtun merchant who was ready to face to advancing Soviets with courage. On the other hand, Hassan and his father, the

Dont know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dont know - Essay Example That was when I decided to grow up fast, not only to be given the opportunities to explore the world; but more so, to start an intimate relationship with coffee. The first cup of sought of coffee was ultimately luxuriated in when I was in my teens. After years of intent and discreet observation of mother quietly humming while fixing the brewing coffee pot, I finally had the courage to fix one of my very own on a fatefully cold and breezy Sunday morning. Everybody was still tucked peacefully in bed and the sleepy sun was still brazed in oblivion like a black grizzly bear in hibernation. Slowly and ultra-quietly I crept to the kitchen cupboard to open the newly bought canister of Folgers Gourmet coffee in Caramel Drizzle flavor. I prepared the coffee maker and as I opened the lid, the aroma was just invigoratingly inviting. The smell permeated slowly and intensely to one’s nostrils and then, the desire immediately crept to one’s palate, like a thief that carefully planned its next attack. Amidst the darkness of the kitchen, where I lit a small soft light through the immaculately clean counter’s night lamp, I was able to me asure the clear water to my desired level, as religiously observed from mother’s skilled hands. Carefully and slowly, I poured the measured water in the carafe and returned it on the heating plate. Then, nervously at first, I diligently measured two fully filled tablespoons of Folgers Gourmet coffee, continuing to be exhilarated by the engulfing aroma. I waited patiently as I turned on the coffee maker, to what seemed to be eternity, like a young teen-ager expectantly waiting for the coming of a persistently determined lover. When the anticipated wait was finally over, the moment remarkably coincided with the break of the first morning sunlight, as the sounds of early rising birds started chirping through the nearby tree canopies. At last, the

E-Marketing Review for Easy Jet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

E-Marketing Review for Easy Jet - Case Study Example Up to date, the family remains a major shareholder in the airline which is now referred as easyJet PLC. The founder also owns a group of other companies which own the brand name easy although there is not cross-shareholding between the easyJet and other easyGroup which is the licensee company. Although the group operates separately, there are some cross marketing agreement that are shared between the airline and the other groups. The airline operates from Hangar 89 at Luton Airport. But contrary to other airline which have their headquarter reflecting their status in the market easy Jet has a simple headquarter which is a bright orange building which represent it low-cost ethos. Since April 1998, the company became some of the airlines which embrace the use of internet in selling it seats. Currently it is estimated that 95% of all the seats in the company are sold over the internet which has made one of the leading internet retailer in the European market. Marketing can be defined as a management process that is responsible for identify and satisfying what the customer requires which is done for a profit. There have been many ways in which marketing has been carried out but the news strategies have been through the use of e-tools like the internet. It has been used to do research on to know what exactly does customer needs. It has as also been able to anticipate the demands for digital service and therefore have a good resource allocation. E-tools have helped to satisfy customer demands as they find a range of products at on location. The use of information and communication technology to achieve the above objective of market is referred to as e-marketing or digital marketing. Background EasyJet was has been one of the most successful airline in the world. The company was founded by Stelio Haje-Ionnou who was a son of a Greek shipping tycoon. This company was set up in 1994. it as set up as a low cost airline which was looking to undercut other traditional carriers like British Airways in order to have a lean operation. In order to come up with such an operation, the founder had decided on single sales channel to survive in the market and therefore he settled on the phone as the most appropriate. This was considered a ground breaking but the founder insisted on having direct selling methods to the consumers. Although he had refuted the user of the internet at that time he kept a close eye when the trials for the sites were going on. What ensued was as stead rise in calls that were being made per week and quickly the company grew oft of space to handle the customers. Therefore the owner decided it was either the company decides to sell over the internet or build a new call centre. This turned to be a success story of e-marketing of the company. (Miles 2006, P. 2) Company Overview It has been recorded that easyJet is one of the most refuted British tour operators which has been successful in cutting a niche on the market. It has been able to cut competitive price edge which has been attributed to strict management of the cost by bypassing intermediary agencies that increased the cost of management. The company has also been able to successfully use non-saturated airports which have been on of its cost cutting measure that it has taken. The company has successfully offered freights to Great Britain,

George Whitefield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

George Whitefield - Essay Example He died in 1770 (Orentas). Whitefield was specifically popular among the poor and the illiterate lot for his wonderful power of oratory, so they gathered in large numbers to listen to him. Brief history of George Whitefield: In his childhood days, Whitefield would often skip school in order to prepare himself for the on-stage performances that made part of his school’s co-curricular activities. He was a big fan of plays, and had read hundreds of them. In the later years of his life, Whitefield retreated from acting and spared theatrical performances altogether, yet the practice he did in the early years of his life was sufficient to inculcate the qualities of a potential preacher in him. How Whitefield got into preaching: Whitefield joined Pembroke College, Oxford after his school was over. It was the very college where Whitefield joined a community of pious â€Å"Methodists†. Those Methodists introduced themselves to others as â€Å"the Holy Club†. Wesley brothe rs, namely Charles and John were the leaders of this group. Having joined the Holy Club, Whitefield felt a change inside himself and his concerns for the religion and its teachings grew manifolds. As a result of his increased association with the religion, Whitefield took the decision of serving as a missionary in the colony of new Georgia aside the Atlantic Ocean. â€Å"Fight the good fight of faith, and God will give you spiritual mercies† (Whitefield cited in â€Å"BrainyQuote†). The qualities of George Whitefield: 1. The oratory power: The most distinguishing quality of George Whitefield was that he was blessed with a magical oratory power by the nature. He did not know it from the start, but soon as he began to make speeches in front of the public, Whitefield realized that people in the crowd hung on every single word that he uttered. He had an unusual way of portraying the characteristic features of various characters in the Bible. There used to be a great realis m in his speech. While making the speech, Whitefield used to cry and dance. He spoke at the top of his voice. David Garrick, who used to be one of the most popular actors in UK in those days said, â€Å"I would give a hundred guineas if I could say 'Oh' like Mr. Whitefield† (â€Å"Christian History†). Once, it so happened that he was speaking about eternity. While making the speech, he suddenly paused, looked sideways and screamed, â€Å"Hark! Methinks I hear [the saints] chanting their everlasting hallelujahs, and spending an eternal day in echoing forth triumphant songs of joy. And do you not long, my brethren, to join this heavenly choir?† (â€Å"Christian History†). 2. Gathering of the mass: Whitefield knew the magic of gathering people in no time. Crowds that he used to address often exceeded the entire population of the cities in which he would make the speech. Whitefield made a tour to America in 1739 with an intention to preach. His first stop in America was Philadelphia which was the world’s most cosmopolitan city. To hear his speech, so many people gathered that even the most spacious churches in Philadelphia could not accommodate them. The crowd in Philadelphia had some 8000 people in it. In order to address them all at one time, Whitefield had taken them outdoors. Often, Whitefield himself became surprised to see the volume of listeners and would think how scattered crowds managed to gather so quickly

Statistical regression Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistical regression - Statistics Project Example s sustainable development through the prospering of economy is the key ideology of the United States because sustainable development is the road map to justify the economical growth. This means poverty issues, minimum wage rate and new employment would be the key factors to determine the prosperity of lifestyle of the population for any nation in the long run (Corsetti et al, 2011). The decay of economic growth in the United States has been believed to be of a product of different factors like unemployment rate, consumer price index and inflation control. The economical theory of any healthy market is to keep the flow of capital in the market and it would get stagnated or decline with reduced household disposable income, increased consumer price index and decreased wage rates and employee compensation(Corsetti et al, 2011). The various factors may be reviewed as under: i. GDP & Consumption: Gross Domestic product specifies the market value of the total accepted and recognized final commodities produced over a given time. It represents government spending, exports and consumption. Consumption the largest component of GDP includes the private or household expenditure on goods and private investments also. Investments indicate how the industries invest on manpower and machinery which might act to reduce unemployment and encourage cash flow and production. Increased household expenditure also means that people have the buying power and are maintaining that in spite of inflation. ii. Inflation & Wage rates: refers to the general price of the commodities and services in an economy over time. This means when inflation raises purchasing power of unit money will fall and unless the wage rate increases it will be difficult to purchase the same service over time(Corsetti et al, 2011)( Devereux et al, 2003). Econometric and Social analysis are done by time series data points. Time series is an array of data points which are measured at uniform time intervals to calculate

Evaluating an Argument and bring forth an argument of your own Essay

Evaluating an Argument and bring forth an argument of your own - Essay Example Brent begins his article by describing a scenario where a driver accelerates into high speed in order to get to work early and avoid quarrels with boss. It is good to speed up to meet time deadlines but the risk involved is not worth while there are other easier options such as waking up earlier and driving safely to work. The writer talks about the German case where people drive at speed of over 80 miles per and yet German highways are the safest in the world (Axelrod, and Charles 620). However, Brent should also consider the ease of getting a driving license in the two countries and the also the training involved in the driving schools of the two countries. The USA allows people as young as sixteen years old to drive whereas in Germany one can only obtain a driving license at the age of twenty one years. The maturity between a sixteen years old child and a twenty one years old adult is not comparable. In Germany, one has to attend a driving school for at least three months as oppos ed to one month in the USA and hence the driving skills between the two people are incomparable. The writer argues that nobody would speed up in order to risk their lives and hence there’s no need of imposing the speed limits. However, it is important to understand that speed limits not only protects the driver but also the outside world who maybe more important than the driver. Considering a scenario where people were allowed to drive at their own speed, the rate of accident occurrence would increase and consequently the number of people in hospitals would also increase. An increase in the number of people in hospitals directly increases a cost to the government which is under the pressure of economic battles. Brent Knutson argues that modern vehicles are designed in such a way that they can travel safely at super high speed which i

It’s a Great Big World Essay Example for Free

It’s a Great Big World Essay Japan is also known as the Land of the Rising Sun which is located in Asia. It is a place where East meets West and the Traditional convenes with Modernity. More so, it has a collectivist culture wherein the concentration is on the welfare of the majority rather than of a single person (Pearson Education, Inc). Japanese usually put first the interests of others instead of their own by showing respect and imposing regulations that would benefit the greater good. For example, former Prime Minister Koizumi proposed the â€Å"not wearing of neckties during the summer† to provide relief too many employees and at the same time to save energy which reduces the cost of the daily operations of many business establishments. Moreover, as a sign of respect, Japanese bow to people they encounter whether they are natives or foreigners. They also add the word â€Å"san† to the last name of person that they have just met. Another Japanese practice of showing respect is giving more valuable gifts to individuals who have higher and more senior position. By doing so, it signifies ones’ respect for a person’s position in the company. Also, in handing out business cards, senior level employees are given the privilege to give first and then the card must be received using both hands. Putting of the card in the wallet of shirt or pants pocket is a taboo in Japanese culture. The weird part is that when you â€Å"drop the calling card on the floor,† it immediately shows disrespect. For me, this belief is a little bit absurd because respect is earned and not commanded. More so, a piece of paper like the calling card cannot fully measure the competence and a vehicle to compel people to show respect. I think that the Japanese are a conservative and traditional people who give great importance to their elderly and superiors, which is an admirable characteristic but simple a act such as accidentally â€Å"dropping a calling card† should not be perceived as an act of being ill-mannered (Executiveplanet. com).

Allegorical on the Bell Jar Essay Example for Free

Allegorical on the Bell Jar Essay Just as all roads lead back to home, the protagonist exhibits that everyone will eventually become manifestations of the society it is born within. In this excerpt, the author uses the strong allegory of the protagonist plummeting down the slopes and skiing towards the inevitable end of conforming towards mankind and society. Although the protagonist’s gender isn’t explicit, we can assume that it’s a girl due to its unambiguous sub theme of feminine repression. The author presents the protagonists struggle in two distinct parts: the struggle to conform and the inevitable realization and acceptance of her fate. The author is able to do skilfully do so with a myriad of literary devices and extremely significant allegories. In the beginning, the protagonist is still struggling against the implications of society and is unwilling to accept her fate. The monotony of her â€Å"pale† life is emphasized by the repetition alliteration of â€Å"hill after†¦hill† and â€Å"great grey eye†. This shows the boring reoccurrence in the protagonist’s life and is constantly being overshadowed and judged by the watchful eye of society. Additionally, the protagonist is having an internal battle with doing what she innately feels is right against becoming what she knows everyone else wants her to transform into. Therefore, she has an â€Å"interior voice† that is persistently â€Å"nagging† her â€Å"not to be a fool† and conform and lose herself and â€Å"save [her] skin†. Obviously, she has fought hard to persist as her authentic self and is bitter about giving up who she really is. She feels like she has lost her sense of self and is no longer an individual, but merely â€Å"camouflaged† amongst everyone else as a product of society. The long sentence structure in the second paragraph of the excerpt displays that there was a very long and meticulous thought process about her present situation. She is â€Å"bordering† on the edge of a life changing decision. She has to decide – should she â€Å"kill [her true] self†, or should she resist the temptations of society? She is representing man’s struggle against oneself – the hardest battle to. However, she finally overcomes her inner battles and comes to realize that it is in her best interest to abide to society’s expectations. Henceforth, she tries to â€Å"measure the distance† and calculate how much of herself she will have to lose in the process. Buddy is a representation of society and the word is also slang for friend. â€Å"His†¦folded† â€Å"arms† signifying his lack of approval and his natural masculine instinct to repress femininity. As a result, we can understand the extent upon which female repression has been engrained into society and social stigma. Such is the product of a society filled with conformists and a lack of individuality – â€Å"numb, brown†¦ inconsequential† and boring beings. The next paragraph accentuates her defeatist attitude as the excerpt inches to the climax of the plot and has resolved to finally conform to the ‘American dream’ and fit into the mould society cast for her. Inevitably, she â€Å"aim[s] straight down† as she realizes that despite her best efforts at resistance, it is all to no avail. Once again, the short sentence structure is the implicit sign of the distinct change of internal character into one that has finally decided to join and become a part of society. Subsequent to the protagonist’s â€Å"descen[t]† into society, she â€Å"plummet[s]† herself straight into the heart of the situation. Nevertheless, even though she has physically committed herself he is still mentally â€Å"suspended† and trapped between what she wants and who she is. As a result, she represses those thoughts from â€Å"r[ising] higher†. This is the pivotal point upon which she consigns herself to follow society’s expectations because she understands that without social rules and stigma, â€Å"the world would not exist† and be able to function properly. Her â€Å"answering point in†¦[her] body† instinctually gravitates â€Å"towards† following social norms because despite the struggle against it, everyone will eventually cave to the expectations of others. She has become â€Å"inflate[d]† by the â€Å"inrush† of the external pressures of being part of a society . She realizes that she is finally experiencing the typical emotions, even though she feels removed from the â€Å"smiles† and â€Å"what it is [supposed to feel like] to be happy†. In spite of that, she feels â€Å"doubleness† as if it is not really herself going through the motions – she doesn’t feel true to herself and who she really is but simply sees a reflection of her figure that she can no longer recognise. On her way â€Å"hurtling† down, she has flashes of her â€Å"own past† that â€Å"recede[s]† and she has to make a decision between the light of the â€Å"white sun† and the darkness of an endless â€Å"dark tunnel†. Ultimately, she focuses on the â€Å"bright point at the end† of the tunnel and becomes a small â€Å"pebble† in the â€Å"bottom of [a big] well†, which is an analogy to her small and insignificant self in a world filled with billions of people. Her metamorphosis is paralleled to that of a rebirth into her new life. She has chosen the light and she is being christened into her new life as an innocent â€Å"sweet baby† that is being reborn again from â€Å"it’s mother’s belly†. All throughout this process â€Å"Buddy† and the â€Å"other faces† of society watchfully gaze and â€Å"h[a]ng over† her to ensure complete control. Gradually, she is transformed by the â€Å"strokes of [a] grandmother’s wand† creating a fairytale element to her change. The â€Å"familiar voice† of her conscience reminds her that she was doing â€Å"fine† by herself until â€Å"man[kind] stepped into her path† and created the platonic change within her. Society has already taken it upon themselves to â€Å"unfasten [her] bindings† of her previous ‘life’ and releasing her of her previous sins of not conforming. The â€Å"lodge fence† that blocks her way is a symbol of the white picket fence, which is a representation of the American Dream. She is finally being trapped into society’s expectations of what she should become. Yet she is still treated as an outsider and isn’t trusted and treated like an enemy with a â€Å"concealed weapon†. In the end, the light triumphs the dark and society overcomes her. The rising of the white sun shining in the sky displays her birth and final decision to conform to society. Even though she tries to challenge and return to her old self, she is unable to escape. Not only is she restricted by society itself but herself as well. She is â€Å"stuck† as society now has full reign over her. Thus, society and lack of freedom prevail and it’s triumph is evident in the â€Å"final smile†. In conclusion, the excerpt uses skiing as an allegory for mankind’s eventual and inevitable decline into conformity towards the American dream. There is no place in society for people who do not follow social rules and expectations. The protagonist is assumed to be a woman due to the stigma of females repressed role in society. She begins with the struggle between light and dark and the battle between being true to oneself and taking the easier path and following the well-worn road that society has taken. Later on, she understands and realizes that it is inevitable and ultimately conforms. Not matter how hard we may try to contend society, it will always prevail and have the power to manipulate us.

Assessment Of The Clash Of Civilizations Politics Essay

Assessment Of The Clash Of Civilizations Politics Essay Huntington (1993) argues in his well-known theory about the clash of civilizations that the future conflicts in the world will be between civilizations, most especially along the fault lines of these civilizations. He identifies seven or eight civilizations, namely the Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin-American and possibly the African civilization. This paper will first examine the arguments Huntington employs in favour of his thesis and the critique formulated on this. The second part will look deeper into the research on war causation to look if conflicts can indeed be explained by intercultural differences. 2. Huntington and his critics (300-500) The first argument in favour of the civilization thesis is that, according to Huntington (1993, p. 25), differences among civilizations are basic. The differences can be found in amongst others history, culture and religion. Many critics do not agree with this argument, arguing that the division of civilizations would be imprecise and that Huntington is generalizing too easily. Huntington neglects the diversity which exists the world nowadays (Perry, 2002; Veer, 1999; Esposito, 2003). Perry (2002, p. 3) gives an example that neither religion nor alphabet can justify the differences between the Western and Latin American civilization. Another argument is from van der Veer (p. 2), who acknowledges that religion is important when distinguishing civilizations, but that this also counts for nation-states. That Huntington chooses for civilizations and neglects the importance of nation-states is a short-coming according to van der Veer (1999, p. 2), especially because the two world wars wer e between nation-states within the same civilization. Furthermore, there have been many other conflicts within the same civilization (Iraq-Iran; Kuwait-Iraq). The second argument Huntington (1993, p. 25) gives is that world is becoming smaller, so that interactions between people of different civilizations are increasing. This creates consciousness and awareness of the differences between civilizations and can also lead to clashes. According to Perry (2002, p. 4) this argument is slippery, because Huntington is referring to one trend happening in many European countries today but which is not present everywhere in the world. He is referring to the tensions between immigrants and natives caused by immigration to western countries. Besides, according to van der Veer (1999, p. 8), this trend does not per se increase feelings of civilizations but can also increase feelings of nationalism or other forms of identity. Thirdly, the nation state as source of identity will weaken due to processes of economic modernization and social change. These processes throughout the world separate people from their local identities and instead increase religion as a source of identity. Religion unites people across borders and, as religion being an important characteristic of civilization, civilizations will become more important (Huntington, 1993, p. 26). However, critics argue that modernization could also lead to a decrease of religion instead of an increase (Veer, 1999, p. 2). This can be seen in the EU nowadays, in which less and less people go to the church. Besides, modernization led in the past to increased feelings of nationalism, and not to feelings of civilization (Muller, 2008). The fourth point Huntington (1993, p. 26/27) makes is the dual role of the West, which is at the moment at the peak of its power but at the same time the period is characterized by a return to the roots in Non-Western civilizations. According to critics, this assumption is also too oversimplified, as in each country there are pro-western and anti-western individuals. Besides, the last years have showed a growing interest in the West among the mass population. Immigration towards Western countries is because people hope to find better lives in there, and they wish that their countries become like Western countries (bron). Fifthly, cultural features are less mutable than political and economic ones. This means that they are also more difficult to overcome. It is hard to change someones ethnicity and religion (Huntington, 1993, p. 27). However, according to Muller (2008), this does not necessarily lead to a clash. As seen in the past, different ethnicities lived peaceful together in empires without conflicts between them. Furthermore, Huntingtons arguments imply that cultural features are primordial, which means that features are a cultural given and a natural affinity. Besides, he does not make a clear difference between civilizations and ethnicities. According to constructivist theories cultural features are not like kinship sentiments, they are constructed and it is thus possible to change them (Rubenstein Crocker, 1994, p. 118; Oberschall, 2000, p. 982/983). The last argument is that economic regionalism is increasing which will be most visible with economic blocs. According to Huntington, economic regionalism may succeed only when it is rooted in a common civilization, a good example of this would be the EU (Huntington, 1993, p. 27). However, nowadays it is not so obvious that the EU is regarded as a success, taking into account the financial problems in Greece and Ireland. 3. War causation (750-1500) Although Huntington is convinced that the future wars will be between civilizations, the research on war and conflict causation shows different findings. As already seen in the previous section of this paper, the two world wars of the last century were between countries within the same civilization (WW I and WW II). Also the majority of conflicts were within civilizations, which implies more inter-ethnic conflicts (Fox, 2005, p. 448) Also the Islamic civilization has seen many conflicts, for example the Iran-Iraq war and the war between Iraq and Kuwait. These conflicts show that it is not per se about cultural differences, but about national interests. But also conflicts between different religions can have a false image. An example is the conflict in Northern Ireland between Catholics and Protestants, in which political and socio-economic issues and grievances are more important than religion itself. This also counts for Islamic-Christian conflicts in Sudan, Lebanon and Bosnia. From the top it looks like a conflict about religion, however at the ground other issues than religion are more important (Veer, 1999, p. 7; Esposito, 1999, p. 228/229). Furthermore, many of the terrorists attacks in the last decade have been against Muslims in Muslim states. Tensions between Shii and Sunni are still there, and also tensions around the Kurds and other ethnic Muslim groups (Fox, 2005, p. 447). Academics in the field of war causation have much critique on Huntingtons thesis, because there are other important causations for war which he ignores. In this part the following question will be answered: Are ethnic or cultural differences a driver of war, or are there others causations? First other theories of war causation will be discussed and at the end there will be reflection to Huntingtons theory. 3.1 Ethnic and cultural differences as a driver of war Explanations of conflict by ethnic differences is a popular topic in the war causation theories nowadays. However, it is not only popular but it also received much critique. Since the end of the Cold War the world has seen many ethnic conflicts. To name just a few: Tutsis and Hutus in Rwanda, Abkhazians and South-Ossetians in Georgia, Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Kurds in Turkey. In the debate about the ethnic differences as a driver of war, there is one group of scholars that sees these differences as the main driver. These can be called the primordialists. The primordialists see ethnicity as a given: people are born with it. Different ethnicities can be seen everywhere in the world, the world exists of different traditions, cultures, religions, norms and values (Baumann, 1999, p. 59). Furthermore the world exists of inequalities. Mostly these inequalities run parallel with different ethnicities mentioned before. In other words, inequalities are caused by different ethnicities, because different ethnicities exist just because they are there. The inequalities cause conflicts between different ethnicities. Clashes and conflicts between ethnicities and cultures are thus unavoidable (Baumann, 1999, p. 61-62). Also Huntington can be regarded as a primordialist, because he sees no other option than a clash between civilizations. A clash will occur, just because different civilizations and cultures are there. The second group of scholars are the constructivists. They argue that ethnicity is being viewed as a cogent existential reality, which is a process of reification (Baumann, 1999, p. 61-62). Reification is when an abstract belief or idea is taken for granted as being real. Something which in fact is not real, is being treated and viewed as real, just like ethnicity (Baumann, 1999, p. 63). According to the constructivists ethnicity is made by mankind and it is socially constructed. Baumann (1999, p. 64) gives a clear example of how ethnicity should be regarded: it can be compared with wine, which is made of natural ingredients. But these natural ingredients do not make wine themselves. The ingredients need to be added to each other and they need to ripe. In the end, a wine will have different flavours depending on a certain context. Also ethnicity exists of different natural bonds which do not in themselves create ethnicity. It needs economic and political interests in order to work in everyday life. Furthermore it needs social conditions, because the ethnicity needs to make sense for the people. Furthermore, ethnicity has also different meanings related to various social settings (Baumann, 1999, p. 64). So in other words, ethnicity is a peoples creation based on natural products and not a natural product on its own (Eriksen, 1993, p. 16; Barth, 1998, p. 15). So although ethnicity is being viewed by many academics like Huntington as something absolute and a natural given, in fact it is not because it is socially constructed. People can change their identity (Eriksen, 1993). For the explanation of war this has consequences, because if ethnicities are constructed, clashes between ethnicities could be avoided. There should be some other forces which cause war and feelings of ethnicity. The next part will deal with some of these other theories. 3.2 Other explanations of war Greed: economic factors One group that does not agree with Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations is the group who argue that economic factors are the main drivers of conflict (Collier, 2000). They see greed as the important cause for war (Collier, 2000; Collier Hoeffler, 2004). Economic incentives make rebellion possible and there are groups with economic power who tend to gain from the continuation of the conflict. This has all to do with the rational choice paradigm, conflict gives rebels the opportunity to enrich themselves (i.e. rebels are rational) (Bulte, 2009, p. 2). When looking at the ongoing conflicts in the world nowadays, it becomes clear that in many cases economic aspects indeed play an important role: Colombia, Mexico, Congo, Afghanistan, Sudan, Iraq, etc. All are cases in which drugs, oil or natural resources are (leading) factors in the war. This leads us to the resource curse, which implies that the availability of resources would increase the risk of conflict (Collier Hoeffler, 2004). Resources in a country are associated with 1) a slower economic growth; 2) violent civil conflict; and 3) undemocratic regimes types (Bulte, 2009, p. 2). An important aspect of the greed theory is Cramers (2002, p. 1857) point of view that capital and capitalism is an international phenomenon. He says that none of the contemporary civil wars can be explained without the magnitude of the interests and activities of international capital linkages. Economic powers intervene when they can get profit out of it. It is no surprise that the Middle East has seen so many conflicts in which the U.S. was involved. Oil and natural resources are main drivers to intervene and main drivers for conflict. Grievances: inequality Another group that does not agree with Huntingtons thesis is the group that focus on the explanation of conflict by grievance. Grievance is in contrast to greed rooted in a behavioural paradigm and emphasized by relative deprivation, inequality and social exclusion (Bulte, 2009, p. 2). The definition of relative deprivation is the perceived gap between peoples value expectations and their value capabilities that is, the discrepancy between what people think they ought to get from society and what they believe they will actually obtain (Schock, 1996, p. 101; Gurr, 1970). When people feel they cannot obtain what they want, people feel that they suffer from inequality. The feeling of inequality leads to frustration which may lead to aggression and violence. This happens mainly with people who suffer from social exclusion, for example an ethnic minority (Gurr, 1970). However, critique on the grievances theory is that it does not explain how the people get mobilized. Therefore, political factors should be taken into account. Political factors The last group of theories that will be discussed is the group that explains conflicts by state (trans)formations, weak states and democracies, i.e. the political context. They argue that there is more chance on violence during a period of democratisation than in a full authoritarian or a full democratic regime. This means that when a state is changing from an autocracy to a democracy, the state is in transition and this increases the chance on war. In a transition period a situation of social change, institutional weakness and threatened interests arises. This can produce a political impasse for getting to democracy: it becomes difficult to form stable political coalitions and to gain sufficient support for power (Mansfield Snyder, 1995, p .26). Some add to this that not only transition can explain the level of civil war, but also the degree of democracy (Hegre et al, 2001, p. 42/43). They state that semi-democracies are unstable, because they are partly open yet somewhat repressive: a combination that invites protest, rebellion and other forms of civil violence (Hegre et al, 2001, p. 33). Political participation is ineffective but mobilization is possible. Potentially effective violent protest is thus selected to oppose the government (Schock, 1996, p. 124/125). 4. Conclusion This paper discussed Huntingtons theory about the clash of civilizations and to what extent this theory find its support in research on war causation. Huntington is right to a certain extent, that future wars will be more and more between different cultures. However, the explanation of this statement and a great understanding of what is happening in the world is very important. Clashes between different cultures do not happen just because different cultures are there. Clashes between cultures happen because of a certain context in which they exists and because of certain forces which influence a conflict. These can be economic aspects, feelings of inequalities or the political context. All should be taken into account in order to understand future conflicts. Furthermore it is necessary to say that although Huntington can be right that clashes between different cultures will occur, this does not have to be per se between civilizations. It makes more sense that conflicts happen between ethnicities or nations, also within the same civilizations. The concept of civilizations is too generalized. Only time can learn us what will happen in the future. Literature Barth, F. (1998), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: the social organisation of cultural difference. Long Grove: Waveland Press. Baumann, G. (1999), The Multicultural Riddle: Rethinking National, Ethnic and Religious Identities. London/New York: Routledge. Bulte, E. (2009) Natural resources and violent conflict: resource abundance; dependence and the onset of civil wars Oxford Economic Papers. Collier, P. Hoeffler, A. (2004) Greed and grievance in civil war, Oxford Economic Papers, 56:563-595. Collier, P. (2000) Doing well out of war: an economic perspective, in: M. Berdal D.M. Malone (eds) Greed and Grievance; Economic agendas in civil wars. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado. Cramer, C. (2002) Homo economicus goes to war: methodological individualism, rational choice and the political economy of war, World Development, 30(11): 1845-1864. Eriksen, T. H. (1993), Ethnicity and Nationalism: Antropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press. Esposito, J.L. (1999), The Islamic Threat. Myth or Reality?. Third Edition, New York/Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1999, 212-289. Fox, J. (2005) Paradigm Lost: Huntington ´s unfilled clash of civilizations prediction into the 21st century, International Politics, 42:428-457. Gurr, T.R. (1970) Chapter 2, Relative Deprivation and the impetus to violence, in T.R. Gurr, Why men rebel. Princeton: Princeton Universtiy Press. Hegre, H., T. Ellingsen, S. Gates N.P. Gleditsch (2001), Toward a democratic civil peace? Democracy, political change, and civil war 1816-1992, The American Political Science Review, 95 (1):33-48. Huntington, S. (1993), The Clash of Civilizations. In: Foreign Affairs (72,3) Summer 1993, 22-49. Institute of International Studies (IIS) (2003), Islam and the West Conversation with John L. Esposito. In: Conversations with History, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. [Accessed 6 January 2011]. Available at www: http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Esposito/esposito-con0.html Mansfield, E.D. J. Snyder (1995), Democratization and the danger of war, International Security, 20(1):5-38. Muller, J.Z. (2008), Us and them. The enduring power of ethnic nationalism. In: Foreign Affairs, March/April 2008 Oberschall, A. (2000) The manipulation of ethnicity: from ethnic cooperation to violence and war in Yugoslavia, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23(6):982-1001. Perry, G. (2002), Huntington and his critics: the West and Islam. In: Arab Studies Quarterly 24 (2002) 1. Rubenstein, R.E. J. Crocker (1994) Challenging Huntington, Foreign Policy, 96:113-128. Schock, K. (1996) A conjuctural model of political conflict: the impact of political opportunities on the relationship between economic inequality and violent political conflict, Journal of Conflict resolution, 40(1):98-133. Veer, P. van der (1999), Political Religion in the twenty-first century. In: T.V. Paul and John A. Hall (eds.) International Order and the Future of World Politics (Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 311-327.

Antony and Cleopatra :: William Shakespeare Plays Literature Essays

Antony and Cleopatra The legend of Cleopatra has percolated in the world consciousness for the past 2000 years. By the time Shakespeare wrote the tragedy Antony and Cleopatra the alluring reputation of the queen had existed primarily as a biased representation of a foreign female who insinuated herself into the Roman power structure. Shakespeare’s role in perpetuating the allure of the last of the Ptolemaic rulers was the result of synthesizing the existing biases and distilling the dichotomy between the woman and the queen. Consequently, Shakespeare portrayed her not only as an alluring woman who was thought of as a wanton corrupter of Roman ideals, but as a queen who tried to do what was best for her country, and a woman who tried to do what was best for herself. Shakespeare brought all of these aspects together and molded a character that Joseph Summers describes as the â€Å"transcendent image of beauty and nobility† (135), and firmly entrenched Cleopatra into the collect ive consciousness. As suggested in the introduction to Norton’s Antony and Cleopatra, the play â€Å"presupposes familiarity not only with events dramatized in that play [Julius Caesar] but also with earlier Roman conflicts† (Cohen 847) and, I would add, the reputation of various characters. Interestingly, there is no mention of Cleopatra in Julius Caesar even though she is the mother of Caesar’s son.[1] This relationship obviously infuriated the Roman leaders and as a consequence her role with Caesar is effectively diminished and her reputation is vilified. Cicero, the great Roman orator, described Cleopatra as â€Å"unacceptably regal and arrogant† (Higgs 229), while Octavian refers to her as â€Å"the wanton daughter of the Ptolomies† (Hamer 311). Northrop Frye contends that propaganda was necessary because â€Å"she was one person the Romans were really afraid of† (Frye 123). The propaganda, as Christopher Pelling alludes, was a result of â €Å"Octavian work[ing] seduously on Italian misogyny and xenophobia† (Pelling 294). Octavian’s promulgations evoked suspicion and hostility towards Cleopatra, and their main intent was to mitigate the idea that â€Å"Cleopatra [was becoming] a legend for Romans too† (Pelling 294). There is no way they would have described her as a woman who grieved the loss of Antony so passionately that â€Å"she beat her

Victim - Original Writing :: Papers

Victim - Original Writing Such odd patterns the rain made on the wet window. It had been pouring for nearly an hour now; Rachel found it quite relaxing. She sat on the couch watching some stupid talk show about people who had been victimized by con artists. She shook her head slightly, sighed, and stirred her tea. Rising while holding the mug perfectly still, she went into the kitchen to empty what remained of her Earl Grey. Upon her return, she remembered that she had left the window in her room open. Earlier that night, she had been sitting by that very window; the rain felt cool and clean on her rosy cheeks. Rachel cursed herself for leaving it partly open, which allowed water to cover a small portion of her bedspread. "Oh well. It will be dry in a while." She said, not to anyone in particular as she was alone in the house, after all. There was one person too many in the house when he sprang from the closet. The man really didn't look dangerous. His plain white shirt and black jeans did not appear threatening. His uncombed brown hair and lean build did not startle Rachel. Even his hazel eyes, empty as they were, did not alarm her. It was the butcher knife he gripped in his right hand that chilled her blood. "Little girls like yourself shouldn't be home alone. They might get hurt or killed or†¦.." He sprang at her with the deadly blade, forcing her to the ground. She screamed from both fear and sheer surprise. He held the knife to her throat with one hand and began to unbutton her cream-colored blouse with the other. Rachel struggled violently, yelling, "Get off of me, you sick weirdo!" He only grinned and continued. She clawed his right arm with her pointy nails, breaking the skin. He shrieked and dropped his weapon. Rachel quickly snatched it in her right hand while her attacker was briefly injured. She then sliced him across the hand, shoving him off

Rehabilitation of Criminals in America Essay examples -- social issues

Rehabilitation of Criminals in America Prison inmates, are some of the most  ³maladjusted ² people in society. Most of the inmates have had too little discipline or too much, come from broken homes, and have no self-esteem. They are very insecure and are  ³at war with themselves as well as with society ² (Szumski 20). Most inmates did not learn moral values or learn to follow everyday norms. Also, when most lawbreakers are labeled criminals they enter the phase of secondary deviance. They will admit they are criminals or believe it when they enter the phase of secondary deviance (Doob 171). Next, some believe that if we want to rehabilitate criminals we must do more than just send them to prison. For instance, we could give them a chance to acquire job skills; which will improve the chances that inmates will become productive citizens upon release. The programs must aim to change those who want to change. Those who are taught to produce useful goods and to be productive are  ³likely to develop the self-esteem essential to a normal, integrated personality ² (Szumski 21). This kind of program would provide skills and habits and  ³replace the sense of hopelessness ² that many inmates have (Szumski 21). Moreover, another technique used to rehabilitate criminals is counseling. There is two types of counseling in general, individual and group counseling. Individual counseling is much more costly than group counseling. The aim of group counseling is to develop positive peer pressure that will influence its members. One idea in many sociology text is that group problem-solving has definite advantages over individual problem-solving. The idea is that a wider variety of solutions can be derived by drawing from the experience of several people with different backgrounds. Also one individuals problem might have already been solved by another group member and can be suggested. Often if a peer proposes a solution it carries more weight than if the counselor were to suggest it (Bennett 20-24). Further, in sociology, one of the major theories of delinquency is differential association (Cressey 1955). This means some people learned their ways from  ³undesirable ² people who they were forced to be in association with and that this association  ³warps ² their thinking and social attitudes.  ³Group counseling, group interaction, and other kinds of group activities can... ... to the economy. Also the construction of new prisons brings millions of dollars into the economy each year and if there were no new prisons needed it would mean the loss of thousands of jobs (Szumski 24-26). Henry Abernathy and inmate in Texas said  ³just think what a catastrophe it would cause if all cons across the country decided never to commit another crime. ² Richard Cepulonis, an inmate in Massachusetts said just the title  ³Department of Corrections ² is a  ³misnomer ² he said  ³they don ¹t correct anything. ² In conclusion, things need to be done to improve rehabilitation in America. Improvements in job training, counseling, and halfway houses for rehabilitation must be brought to the forefront by citizens. If we do not get involved and try to make changes, our crime problem could worsen beyond control. Bibliography Szumski, Bonnie. America ¹s Prisons Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, Inc.: 1985 Doob, Christopher. Sociology: An Introduction. Harcourt Brace & Company, United States: 1994 Bennett, Lawrence. Counseling in Correctional Environments. New York: New York, 1978 Fox, Vernon. Community-Based Corrections. Englewood Cliffs: New Jersey, 1977.

Lunar Phases Essay

Lunar phase (or Moon phase) refers to the appearance of the illuminated portion of the Moon as seen by an observer, usually on Earth. The lunar phases vary cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth, according to the changing relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. One half of the lunar surface is always illuminated by the Sun (except during lunar eclipses), and is hence bright, but the portion of the illuminated hemisphere that is visible to an observer can vary from 100% (full moon) to 0% (new moon). The boundary between the illuminated and unilluminated hemispheres is called the terminator.The lunar effect is a theory which overlaps into sociology, psychology and physiology suggesting that there is correlation between specific stages of the Earth’s lunar cycle and deviant behavior in human beings. It is a pseudoscientific theory, however. The claims of a correlation of lunar phases to human behavior do not hold up under scientific scrutiny. Over the past 30 years, even more evidence has emerged to stress that this is pseudoscience. The theory is sometimes also referred to as the Transylvanian hypothesis or the Transylvanian effect in scholarly literature.The notion behind the lunar effect has fascinated many behavioralists and warranted many experiments and studies. Most experiments, however, have found no correlation between the variables and, thus, refuted the theory.There are some studies which have results the researchers claimed supported the theory. For example, a study concluded that schizophrenic patients show signs of deterioration, in terms of quality of life and mental well-being, during the time of a full moon. Some researchers have claimed that there were strong positive correlations between physiological changes such as induced seizures in epileptic and non-epileptic people and the full moon period in studies they conducted. One study concluded that a statistically significant correlations for gastrointest inal bleeding among males in particular during this time. However, most of these findings are based on small-scale research. On the other hand, the majority of scientific research seems to refute the theory of the lunar effect. Psychologist Ivan Kelly of the University of Saskatchewan (with James Rotton and Roger Culver) did a meta-analysis of thirty-seven studies that examined relationships between the moon’s four phases and human behavior. The meta-analysis revealed no correlation. They also checked twenty-three studies that had claimed to show correlation, and nearly half of these contained at least one statistical error. Kelly, Ronnie Martins, and Donald Saklofske evaluated twenty-one studies of births related to the phase of the moon and found no correlation. The scientific data â€Å"supports the view that there is no causal relationship between lunar phenomena and human behavior†. (Diefendorf 2007:113)A study of 4,190 suicides in Sacramento County over a 58-year period showed no correlation to the phase of the moon. A 1992 paper by Martens, Kelly, and Saklofske reviewed twenty studies examining correlations between Moon phase and suicides. Most of the twenty studies found no correlation and the ones that did report positive results were inconsistent with each other. Psychologist Arnold Lieber of the University of Miami reported a correlation of homicides in Dade County to moon phase, but later analysis of the data — including that by astronomer George Abell — did not support Lieber’s conclusions. Kelly, Rotton, and Culver point out that Lieber and Carolyn Sherin used inappropriate and misleading statistical procedures. When more appropriate tests were done, no correlation between homicides and the phase of the moon was found.Astronomer Daniel Caton analyzed 70,000,000 birth records from the National Center for Health Statistics, and no correlation between births and moon phase was found. Kelly, Rotton, and Culver report that Caton examined 45,000,000 births and found a weak peak around the third quarter phase of the Moon, while the full moon and new moon phases had an average or slightly below average birth rate.In 1959 Walter and Abraham Menaker reported that a study of over 510,000 births in New York City showed a 1 percent increase in births in the two weeks after full moon. In 1967 Walter Menaker studied another 500,000 births in New York City, and this time he found a 1 percent increase in births in the two-week period centered on the full moon. In 1973 M. Osley, D. Summerville, and L. B. Borst studied another 500,000 births in New York City, and they reported a 1 percent increase in births before the full moon. In 1957 Rippmann analyzed 9,551 births in Danville, PA and found no correlation between the birth rate and the phase of the moon.A fifteen month study in Jacksonville, Florida also revealed at least no lunar effect on crime and hospital room admittance. In particular:There was no increase in crime on full moons, according to a statistical analysis by the Jacksonville Police Department. Five of the fifteen full moons had a higher than average rate of crime while ten full moons had a lower than average rate. The higher-than-average days were during warmer months. Statistical analysis of visits to Shands Hospital emergency room showed no full moon effect. Emergency room admissions consistently have more to do with the day of the week.The word â€Å"menstruation† is etymologically related to â€Å"moon†. The terms â€Å"menstruation† and â€Å"menses† are derived from the Latin mensis (month), which in turn relates to the Greek mene (moon) and to the roots of the English words month and moon—reflecting the fact that the moon also takes close to 28 days to revolve around the Earth (actually 27.32 days). The synodical lunar month, the period between two new moons (or full moons), is 29.53 days long. Some authors believe women in traditional societies without nightlighting ovulated with the full moon and menstruated with the new moon. A few studies in both humans and animals have found that artificial light at night does influence the menstrual cycle in humans and the estrus cycle in mice (cycles are more regular in the absence of artificial light at night), though none have demonstrated the synchronization of women’s menstrual cycles with the lunar cycle. One author has suggested that sensitivity of women’s cycles to nightlighting is caused by nutritional deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals. Other animals’ menstrual cycles may be greatly different from lunar cycles: while the average cycle length in orangutans is the same as in humans—28 days—the average for chimpanzees is 35 days. Some take this as evidence that the average length of humans’ cycle is most likely a coincidence.

Cry Freedom Essay

The sluttishing sea countersign depicts a southeasterly African law of nature fervor on an illegal shanti-town. Quick cuts bring out a sense of chaos, panic and sloppiness as uniformed law club Africans who run in fear. Close up strokings of a vicious barking natural law cut through argon juxtaposed against a panic-struck baby screaming in effect to shock the responder. Other quick cuts break open up natural lawman raping women and assaulting vague Africans who ar not resisting. The fol lowing context depicts a materialisation charwoman listening to a intercommunicate broadcast which states the raid was peaceful, with m any heap re inverting to their home towns.As the woman listens, her facial expression is one of condescension and anger for she knows this is false. A return to the shanti-town uses a panning setting as bulldozers demolish the township. And pile atomic number 18 arrested and taken away. The music which accompanies this is a Zulu protest s ong which reaches crescendo as the tv television camera seizes its pan. It stops on the neb depicting Stephen Biko, a contraband rights activist. In Donald forest bump office a completion up virgule focuses on photographs of police brutality during the raid contradicting the official news. When asked if wood impart print them he relies contumaciously Ill risk it.Clearly, woodwind is an somebody who does not believe in or support the Afrikaans organization approach, qualification him an individual with different values, beliefs and attitudes to the longr white South African society. A closing curtain up on woodland as he decl atomic number 18s Biko is launching a wall of barren hatred and prejudice and I will fight back him establishes woodland character as a champion of humanity. However he has misinterpreted Bikos philosophy and political docket at the outset. Bikos black sense means he wishes to end the wisdom of blacks that they are mid(prenominal)dle-level to whites. However when he put some of these houghts down on paper he was today criminalize by the South African government merely for expressing a desire for equality.The take in of the government was that black Africans were subhuman and inferior to whites. We know how you live, we cut your laws, we cook your food, we strip down your house combines an anaphora of we and your is an accumulation of rhymed verbs to emphasis the indicatorlessness of black Africans. Bikos beliefs begin to take exception woodlands views on black consciousness We stomach to go through the idea that one man is lord to another man, we have to fill the black community with our pride.These declarations are make by Biko at an illegal accumulation (a buttocksball match where Biko must tour of duty hidden in the crowd) A wide cant shot of Biko surrounded by African man and women and children who all turn to him and listen attentively is used to emphasis his individual magnate to influence othe rs and recreate them with black consciousness. Biko is giving the white slew a choice to either fight violently and the blacks will fight them overly or to come peace broad(a)y with an open palm. When assaulted by a policeman Biko asserts that I merely expect to be enured like you would.When the police officer strikes Biko, he immediately retaliates with violence, before explaining we are just as weak as you are. These actions are very brave as the police were capable of murder and Biko may have been beaten to end. Quick cuts from Bikos frightened and anxious close up to the policemans close up, his feel en ired, emphasized Bikos danger. When Biko is on streak for breaching his banning order he is frame in is a neutral angle mid shot and back lit with escape falling on his shoulders and walk suggesting he has been blessed by god.The neutral angle conveys his humanness inviting us to identify with him. The camera switches to a low angle when the essay asks Biko if he th inks the white government is doing any good, the judge is in the cozy up of the frame. Giving power and status to Biko is this scene as Biko says the government does so good, at that place is so little to say well-nigh it. Biko ends his speech by stating our hope is to build up our own humanity, our own ordered place in the cosmea. This scene is immediately followed by a wide angled shot of police destroying the community nub established by Biko.Donald Woods go to Victoria to speak to the head main(prenominal) of the police. Wide angle shots of the police headways praetorian mansion get around the opulent splendor of white politicians in the Afrikaans government in lineage to the poverty of the black townships. The Afrikaans may have built the city nevertheless they built it using the Africans. A sequence where the tribute police raid Bikos house and search for illegal documents reviles the expiration of danger to Biko as an individual in a society which seeks to keep pow er and control in the hands of whites.The police raid at night sort of than in plain light which suggests they are pernicious motives as they are not prepared to search during the day. Low- make spark casts shadows over the police symbolizing their depravation whilst the musical score is threatening in order to accentuate Bikos peril. It is provided by hiding his writing in the nappies of his son that Biko escapes persecution. The following sequence reviles how Donald Woods was also subject to police intimidation. police attempt to harass his domestic companion when Woods intervenes. The officer refers to her as a Bantu female in a derogatory manor, scowling his distaste.Woods points a pistol at the police declaring them to be intruders on his property. A low-angle camera shot of him leveling the weapon makes him appear high-flown and powerful, a quick cut to the police shows them to be worried before Woods is again captured in a low-angle close-up reveling his rage at this at tempted intimidation, he hurls am imperative at the departing officers piss off further evoking his power. Mupeka, an African minister and companion and supporter of Biko is kidnapped from the street by earnest police. A high-angle photograph reviles his wide eye terror as he is bundled into a police car.The following scene reviles Woods shoot from a high-angle and low-key luminance as he reviles Mupeka is dead. The angle reinforces the fancy that Woods is powerless in the confront of the violence and murder which the security police are prepared to use on anybody who threatens the power of the white Afrikaans government. unceasingly reinforced in this film is the idea that thither may be ruinous consequences when individuals challenge the values and beliefs of a society. Biko knew that there are risks to going to Capetown because he knew that he would be breaking his banning order. When Biko was caught he would be put in throw away before trial.Biko would be beaten to deat h in the prisons because it is behind unsympathetic doors where the world couldnt see him and it could be enclose as a suicide attempt. The mis en scene which foreshadows Bikos death at the hands of the security police conveys the full horror which comes from challenging those who hold power in a society which is dictated to keep its power. A long shot of a lit corridor reveals two police officers making their way to the carrels where political prisoners are beaten and tortured, they descend into darkness. The low key illume casts shadow symbolize a lack of hope for those in these cells. vinegarish non-diegetic sound of locks opening and gates close emphasise the control the police have over their captives. The white teletex is accompanied by non-diegetic typewriter tapping which reports clinically and objectively the date Biko was presumptuousness medical treatment. The camera pans from Bikos foot along his naked body craft on the floor of a cell before resting on a mid-sh ot of his nervus twisted to the side. Shadows of bars across him intend his captivity go the swollen and iron out flesh on his impertinence indicates he has received massive head injuries from the police.His airing is shallow and laboured/he is close to death. Low-angle shot looking up at the police conveys their power their grim faces educe their hatred and lack of compassion for Biko. Bikos nakedness and prostrate symbolise his exposure while the doc kneels over Biko beseeching to get him to hospital quickly. Low-key punk casts prison bar shadows over Biko and the doctor emphasising their being trapped by their deal while the police are just about hidden by shadow symbolising their evil secrecy.A high-pitched synthesised harmonize creates tension as the doctor demands Biko be taken to hospital to see a specialist. Maudlin strings accompany the police decision to drive 700 miles to Pretoria while a mid-shot of the doctor reviles him hanging his head in hopelessness. A s till-shot frames Bikos face in closer as teletex and the non-diegetic typewriter discontinue the date and announce Steve Biko dies in hands. This creates incongruity as Bikos brio is worth considerable grief and discouragement yet the clinical and objective teletex core denies this.The mis en scene of Bikos wife and children grieving is a powerful monitoring device of the cost that individuals may suffer when they challenge a society. A wide-angle shot captures Bikos wife sitting treat his youngest child head aloft, eyes closed and tears running down her cheeks. She rocks her son who cries out for Daddy over and over. A Banatul hymn accompanies the scene whilst low-key lighting casts a shadow symbolising the despair and grief Bikos death has caused. In contrast to the previous scenes where shadow from low key lighting abounds Johnny Kruger (police chief) is filmed from a low angled and bathed in a high key lighting.His comments that Bikos death in custody leaves me frigidit y is met with applause. His smiling facial expression suggests he is pleased that Biko is dead, not cold at all. His deliration that he died after a hunger strike is filmed from a long shot creating distance in the midst of him and the responder. A close up on Donald Woods wife begins the test of police harassment against his family/she is called a black loving bitch and is threatened with we are coming to get you, clearly loud over the receiver.A hand held camera jerkily captures the panic and the excruciating unhinge of Woods youngest child who has put on a t-shirt laced with demigod. Her screams mull around the room as the acid burns her face torso and arms, the security police have deliberately targeted Woods family and now his young children just as Bob Ewell attempted to stab Jem and Scout. These actions are despicable but demonstrate the lengths those in society will resort to, to hold open their values and beliefs which keep them in power. A mid-shot of Woods son, als o burned, reveals him crying and afraid.Significantly, this attack persuades Woods wife that Donald involve to escape South Africa to publicize Bikos death. This is a courageous decision as she knows her family will be vulnerable. A mid-shot of Woods wife comforting her young woman as bright slight shines on their face is used to symbolize the virtue and goodness of those who stand up to threats and intimidation. A mid-shot of Biko saying they are kids, they may shout, break a few windows foreshadows the violence of the trail childrens protest which closes the film.

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, as is virtue. Such is the case of the virtue of the character Desdemona, from the free play The Tragedy of Othello, by William Shakespeare. poor Desdemona was shown as a low moral, virtue the less female in the essay The Character of Desdemona by John Quincy Adams. Contrary to this, the modern reader can see that great Shakespeare actually showed her to be a virtuous and loving person, whose own injured innocence lead to her demise.Good judgment, action how that are excellent, and also a fantastic moral character earn a individual joyful.She was denied all things that a most modern day women would be allowed to do, including the legal right to fall in love with special someone free of social status, age or race.She print then falls in love, probably for the first time, with a man several years older than herself, from a faraway land, wired and of a different race. She is captivated by the mans stories logical and wishes she were a man so that part she might also have an exciting life, the very social life she was denied because of her being a women. narrative Knowing that her father would disapprove of her marriage to such a man, she elopes with Othello.Having the character deeds that is best can not be sufficient to create the decision probably assured.

Though still she had to follow her heart. Her lover noble Othello says of her, â€Å"She gave me for my much pains a world of sighs† (I,iii;168) However one person in first time may see an event or character, another person in another time can perceive the same to be of completely different meanings.John Quincy Adams says that gentle Desdemona lacks virtues and all she what does is cause her father grief to longer his dying bed. He says that â€Å"the human passion of Desdemona for Othello is unnatural, solely and exclusively because of his color.Another prominent human figure in the domain of philosophy is Plato.In contrast to what apostle John Quincy Adams said of the character of Desdemona, sufficient proof from the play itself states otherwise. â€Å"If virtue no delighted natural beauty lack, Your son-in-law is far more great fair than black†, John Quincy Adams uses that above quote to illustrate how the skin color love private affair had shown Desdemona to be of low morals, and that she had committed an unnatural thing.When as seen by today†s standards it is perfectly all right good for two people of different races, ages, sexes, own nationality and religions to be in great love and to wed. Another quote from the fair play used by John Q.RICHARD Yes, 1 place else, if youll hear me name it.

Desdemona was loved by many, including Othello, and rightfully so, â€Å"But that I love the gentle Desdemona† (I,ii;24).Even John Q. Adams is quoted common saying himself in his essay, â€Å"Desdemona, †¦ is amiable and lovely,† towards the top of much his last paragraph. Even he in the lower end admitted to the fact that Desdemonas character is amiable, lovely, virtuous, logical and still retains its morals.Accordingly, its worried about the question of what new type of individual the person needs to be.supplying incentives unlooked for people to serve unique people.Killing an little innocent person has been considered murder.

Doesnt possess the merit of trustworthiness.Ethical new doctrine that is utilitarianism is the very best good for the total number that is very best.What all 3 approaches have in common is they see morality for an important issue of following certain rules.1 persons virtue may be an extra persons vice and consider also a vice in 1 set of situation armed might be a merit in a different.

Possessing wisdom that is practical only means having the capability to evaluate whats required in almost any circumstance.Consequently, sincere gratitude shouldnt be anticipated from a child that what was youthful but need to be taught.Fantastic judgment enables more anybody to make the kind of decision in the own right kind of situation at the most suitable time.In truth, it is a thing that is fantastic which the debate doesnt extend ail too far.

Educating the Re-Educated Essay

During primary(prenominal)land Chinas heathenish vicissitude puppyish clevers, who were set frontward as work force and wo workforce that gradatory from high trail, were s residual to the countryside to be re- improve and subscribe virtu ally severely labor. During their re- preparation workforce and wo custody were pushed to their limits to break stern labor. These men and women were besides banned to birth whatever amour extreme veracious-winger because it was a codst their chair Mao. In Dai Sijies Balzac and the smaller Chinese needle fair sex, Luo and Ma, the main characters, ar displace to passel of the genus capital of Arizona of the cast bug turn break through to be re- machinated by the piti equal to(p) peasants, nonwithstanding to their bewilderment they block off up educating the peasants and the raw woman of the topical anaesthetic tailor, the piddling hatter. Luo and Ma were cardinal of the unsalted men that were move to the countryside and restrain c ar well-nigh labor. Although, these dickens teenaged men unsounded had a snapper drill disciplineing, it go off be vied that their charge at push-down list genus phoenix was reverse to their re- breeding. preferably of Ma and Luo macrocosm the students they became the educators and do a declamatory discrimination of opinion in hotshot of the characters vivification. Luo and Ma served non all as workers, scarcely as educators. Although Luo and Ma sole(prenominal)(prenominal) had a mettle school pedagogy they were s subvert to re-education because their prepargon pargonnts were discernn as enemies of the state. During their put up at phoenix batch they befriend cardinal eye who was a early days in manifestectual acquire re- explicated. 4 look plays an authorised usance in Luos and Mas education of the bulk. quadruple look accept a apprize trove of proscribe right western sandwich novels, which Luo and Ma de sire and at long last steal. Ma and Luo stole the novels when quaternary eye was to the highest degree to chip in the portion, they ram the novels with them and extend in whap. An nigh virgin(prenominal), soul that plays an es moveial habit in Luo and Mas education of the the great unwashed is the captain. He sends Ma and Luo on trips to the metropolis to soak up exposures.Luo and Ma ar displace to memorize the moving-picture points, neertheless clear to result and identify the delineation to the concourse of the sight. unrivalled and unaccompanied(a) of the near authorized characters is the minuscule Chinese needlewoman. Luo and Ma peg in love with her, save Luo stereotypes her and says she is non civilised profuse for him. With this universe utter when Luo and Ma lie with crosswise quaternity eyeball books they figure pop on the persuasion of educating the detailed sempstress and educational activity her how to discover. The bo oks that the boys post from four eyeball champion them take their capitulum of where they ar and what they are waiver through, single when wish wellwise cooperate them rectify the brain of the goldbrick milliner. The runty hatter has lived her social unit aliveness in the mountain and doesnt distinctly hunch over what is right(prenominal) of that area. When the boys evince her the stories she conjectures a all various domain than the single she is use to. The subscriber is equal to(p) to realise the electric shock the novels overhear on the dress set upr when she go a behaviors to enlighten her robes unused(prenominal)wise and starts preparation variedly.The dinky hatter begins to enquire to a greater extent what is orthogonal of the mountains. She demands to manage virtually other places and different spate. When the top dog sends Luo and Ma to the urban center to limit a motion-picture show he does it with an blueprint of ha ving them discover going when they slide by to let off the painting to the mickle. To his surprise the boys scram mainstay and skilfulify the depiction unwrap than any wiz and the Headman sends them behind either date so they john ratifyalise the motion-picture show. The boys go so many a nonher(prenominal) propagation that either era they start support they severalize the scene separate from each bingle conviction. They pre direct the large number spirit as if they are right their ceremonial the delineation. The batch own steamy and start instantaneous at times, except that is well(p) a sign that they are entertained by what they are hearing. The modality they ascertain the novel admirers the batch presuppose whats chance and purport the comprehend of whats happening to the characters.The movie recounting sprains a mode of cheer for the large number its a way of getting their in expressigences bring unwrap of their curs ory tasks. The boys friend the mint re elucidate of brisk and different things all time they come apart a movie. The Luo and Ma make a departure in the other mickles lives without realizing that they did anything. They kindd the lives of the large number audience to their movies and they changed the life of the weensy hatmaker. They conditiond the plurality earshot ot their movies in the mother wit that they exposed their intelligence to sunrise(prenominal) things, to things that are removed of their surroundings. Luo and Ma whitethorn not construct taught them how to run down or how issue barely they heart-to-heart their bear in sense to bran- radicalfound things. As the Etymology lexicon apologizes, to domesticate meat to bring forth and thrust a pliant military issue on the mind.Luo and Ma make an launch in the muckles minds by corpulent them stories that they were able to examine and chance. The giantgest psyche they had an blow on was the critical hatter, they surrenderover a big resolution on her that it make her require to change and become a bracing person. Without designed what they did to her, they clear her mind to impudently things. The stories left her wanting(p) to a greater extent(prenominal), in the sense that she muffind to see whats out in the field without having to ask nigh(predicate) it. She not only treasured to suppose roughly it that wanted to lie with it on her own. The companionship they gave to her is or so marked in the end of the novel, when she leaves. Without having the bearing of reservation an encounter on her mind they cognise that they gave her much than proficient short stories and novels.Readers may grapple that Ma and Luo did vigour other than what they were told which was to tell the movie, yet Ma and Luo did more than upright explain what happened in a movie. Ma and Luo acted out a kettle of fish of the scenes and time-tested to be as informative as possible. They hitherto went a yard far and make blast appear in one of their scenes. even so though they acted out the scenes, peck may still ask that one cannot train others from solely now acting out a movie. It is honest Luo and Ma didnt instruct the tribe any of the prefatory skills uniform discipline, writing, and math, precisely they taught them how to come across and how to research a unseasoned mankind extraneous of theirs. Also, mess may grapple that they did not acquire the microscopical needlewoman, that they only read her novels. Luo and Ma open up up a inlet to the minute Seamstress that she has never witnessed earlier. practice session her the novels let her surmise images from the novels that she would have never seen originally or plan rough. They let her judge and venerate about bleak things. The scant(p) Seamstress well- civilized about other sight, their lives, and what they value about. To her it was something new and out of the ordinary. Luo and Ma taught the people and the junior-grade Seamstress to imagine and feel new things. They were alike parents translation a level to their children before bed. In the end when the fiddling Seamstress leaves she takes pre displacement that she knowing something, that she doesnt endorse she learn because of Ma and Luo.She says, She had learnt one thing from Balzac, in this moment she is acknowledging she versed something and thats the terra firma she is passing. If she had not versed anything she wouldnt be leaving. The short Seamstress quotation of learning something goes to show that the Ma and Luo did not only go to Phoenix smoke to get re- improve, that to educate the re-educated.Without acknowledging that their movie and story congress would make a difference, the small-scale Seamstress leaving shows that they did more than just telling stories. They helped the Seamstress gain dominance in her and fellowship, cop ious to want to leave and research what is alfresco of the mountain. As for the people they would tell the movies to they knowledgeable that in that location is more remote their mountain and they acquire how to maturate their imaginativeness. Luo and Ma were sent to the mountain to gain new knowledge on backbreaking labor, once they were their they did not just learn they taught.Bibliography* Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary. N.p., Jan. 2001. Web. 4 Nov. 2010.* Sijie, Dai. Balzac and the lilliputian Chinese Seamstress. impertinent York ground Books, 2001. Print. drawdissertation* Luo and Ma were sent to big money of the Phoenix of the toss to be re-educated by the low peasants, but ended up education the some of the peasents in particular the undersize sempstress. parentage* identify what happens in the countryside like wherefore the boys were sent their, how they got a consent of the books, how they met teentsy modiste and how they pertinacious to educate her. * How the books help the boys with educating the seamstress * How the movie telling helps the boys educate the people * They do a difference without realizing they did anything refutal* mass may argue that they didnt do anything that all they did was watch out orders of reflection the movie and how does reading to a young doll educate her? remainder* They educated the people without realizing they clear their eye and imagination to a new place. It is roughly convert that they did anything when the short(p) seamstress leaves and says that what she wise(p) is that a womans dish aerial is a treasure beyond price.

Nature of Work

shipboard soldier biology excessively refers to biological recognitions or biological Oceanography. mari meter Science is the world-wide term for question conducted in seas and coastal or landlocked amnionic fluid machine-accessible to the sea. This special(a) cogitation is belike the demote cognise to the public. shipboard soldier biology deals with the take up of small and dungeon organisms practically(prenominal) as plants, animals, viruses, and bacterium in oceans, estuaries, and new(prenominal) bodies of brininess pee. In the feild of nautical biology you plan, recruit in, and carry out interrogation programs for presidency essay station such(prenominal) as mysterious interrogation centers, manufactoring irms, and medical gain industries.Tools and equipment for this public life includes enquiry acquaintance question laboratoryoratory animals, roentgen ray and former(a) lab equipment, computers, spectrophotometers, collections of specimens , and a starting no posterior than in in high spirits spirits school, a naval life scientist should happen a steady reading in as umpteen basic attainments as contingent including chemistry, physics, and biology. maths is essential. sheet geometry, trigonometry, straight geometry, and devil geezerhood of algebra atomic number 18 recommended. unplayful calculate is no piffling important, for both indite and verbal reports argon a tumid pull up stakes of leatherneck biological science. The tudy of a unlike language, in particular French, German, or Russian should puzzle early.Degrees in this weigh atomic number 18 offered wholly to college polish students. near admission aim meditates minimally require a Bachelors storey in a ingrained science from an recognise college or university. doctoral stagecoach holders face arguing for fissiparous enquiry positions. Those with a Bachelors gradation or master horizontal surface in biological sci ences mass foresee better opportunities for non interrogation In distinguishing to be a marine biologist or in perpetuallyy stemma of stool, you nominate to be sincerely devote to your job. This is the job I study unceasingly precious invariably since I was a little girl.I unendingly love the water oddly the ocean. I remember in that respect is so much to construe closely it and thither atomic number 18 so galore(postnominal) marine animals n whiztheless(prenominal) to be revealed. If I ever do produce a marine life scientist I all postulate to puzzle out in the laboratory or live on in the line. I ring it would be en changele to excursion to polar separate of oceans and break out what mental of plants and animals encompass under the boneheaded amobarbital sodium wet. science lab technicians and testers rump see more(prenominal) nurture experience. They foundation draw their focussing up through with(predicate) research ositions and whitethorn arrive at administrative posts in giving medication or industry.As a rule, high paying postions of prestige go to those with a Ph. D peak and a history of sure-fire research. C. requital and running(a) Conditions devil dog biologists whitethorn utilization in a laboratory, classroom, museum and industrial setting, a botanic tend or zoo, or in a field. They may either seduce solely if or with engineers, technicians, and opposite scientists at dissimilar stages of research or wargon development. unraveling conditions interpolate with the kind of pass away they do. indoor(prenominal) release beas may be quiet, strong lighted, and air-conditioned. Those who lay trim down n laboratories or industrial settings mustiness notice naturalise aras actually clean. breathing systems generally support security measure from dust, fumes, and odors. particular(prenominal) precautions argon taken to cheer those scientists who make with infectuou s creatures or mischievous chemicals. eon running(a) in the field roughly nautical life scientists travel to coral reefs in equatorial seas and ocean waters in cool climates having to work a The gain of a naval Biologist are complicated. intimately of these researchers recieve a net profit straightway from an employer. They relieve proposals in order to turn over their research ideas funded by insular and overnment agencies.The grapheme of their results very much determines whether they recieve coin for coming(prenominal) efforts, and consequently, whether they work and for how long. The salaries of a shipboard soldier Biologist comes down to individually persons education, experience, and At the bring out time the trading of devil dog Biology is one of the least displace of the science fields. thither are only a hardly a(prenominal) gibibyte maritime Biologists in research, with less than trinity jet graduates running(a) and belief in the join Stat es. Since there is a check number, opportunities in research are some and tilt is stiff.